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Jon Ludvig Nilssen Hammer (born 2 June 1990 in Bergen) is a Norwegian chess Grandmaster (GM). He completed all the requirements for the GM title in the beginning of 2009〔(Hammer ble stormester ) NRK January 6, 2009 〕 and was awarded the title in March 2009.〔(Titles approved at the 1st Quarter Presidential Board 2009 ) fide.com〕 He was Norwegian Chess Champion in 2013. Hammer was the main second for Magnus Carlsen in the World Chess Championship 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Her møtes de endelig etter det unike samarbeidet )〕 ==Chess career== In the 38th Chess Olympiad in Dresden, Hammer represented Norway as the substitute player (number five on the team), played in all rounds except the first, and scored +4−2=4.〔(Norwegian team line-up for 2008 Olympiad )〕 In 2007, Hammer completed all requirements for the International Master title. Hammer gained his first GM norm in the Cappelle-la-Grande Open in 2007, the second in Denmark in 2008, and a third in European Chess Club Cup later that year. The short length of those tournaments, however, meant he needed a fourth norm to gain the GM title.〔(Gjøvik Chess Festival ) Profile on Jon Ludvig Hammer〕 This norm was achieved when Hammer won outright a jubilee tournament at Gjøvik arranged at the end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009. In the final round against Mateusz Bartel, Hammer would secure his Grandmaster title with a draw. In spite of this, he eschewed several opportunities for a perpetual check, and successfully took aim at sole first place.〔(Gjøvik Chess Festival webpage )〕 Hammer scored a 2792 rating performance on Norway's top board during the 2009 European Team Chess Championship in Novi Sad, where his +4−0=5 score made him one of the top individual scorers. In 2011, Hammer suffered setbacks in the "B" section of the Tata Steel Chess Tournament, and the Aeroflot Open. He rebounded with a good result in the Reykjavik Open, where he finished with 7/9, and in 5th place on tiebreaks. As the best Nordic player, Hammer became Norway's first Nordic Chess Champion since Simen Agdestein in 1992. Hammer won his first Norwegian Chess Championship in 2013 when he scored 7/9 (+5−0=4).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Landsturneringen NM i sjakk 2013 )〕 Hammer's best result until then had been the 2008 championship, when he finished equal on points with Frode Elsness, but he lost the September playoff to Elsness after losing the first game, and acquiescing to a draw in a worse position in the second.〔(35-åring tok sin første kongepokal ) Nettavisen, 26 September 2008 〕 In 2013/14, Hammer took a clear first place with 7½/9 in the Rilton Cup. Hammer attended the Norwegian sports academy Norwegian College of Elite Sport, and was coached by Agdestein. Hammer has been described as taking chess very seriously, playing very often online, in tournaments, or practicing.〔 In 2009, Hammer announced he would not pursue a professional chess career, and he now studies economics.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jon Ludvig Hammer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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